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Stalled Weight Loss

For somewhat of an extreme example, a study from the European Journal of Sports Science journal found that young men ate about 650 fewer calories per day when they limited their food intake to a 4-hour period

Not everyone is going to restrict themselves to a 4-hour eating window, but the point is that with a shorter eating window, the harder it is to eat at maintenance, let alone a surplus

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/17461391.2016.1223173?journalCode=tejs20

Study #1 – The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

A short-term study found that college women at the University of Virginia who fasted for two days experienced a 75% drop in leptin

https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/84/3/883/2864116

Study #2 – Obesity

Another study in obese participants, which involved eight weeks of ADF, found that leptin concentrations were reduced by 21% by the end of the experiment

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20300080

Slow Metabolism

Lowered T3 is seen with calorie restriction and protein restriction as well – weight loss lowers thyroid activity

Feeling Sore

If you fast too much then you’re likely not meeting your fuel requirements to properly recover from training

Protein & Recovery/Muscle Growth/Repair

Resistance exercise improves muscle protein balance, but, in the absence of food intake, the balance remains negative (i.e., catabolic)

So if you’re lifting but consuming a lack of protein, your energy needs and tissue regeneration needs will not be met and you’ll speed up the degeneration process

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11255140

Feeling Cold

Ding H. et al. Nature Communications 2016 is a very cool study that shows how fasting changes the nature of fat tissue in such a way as to decrease heat production, potentially leading to the feeling of being cold.

One of the main properties of visceral fat is that it can’t “brown” i.e. it doesn’t effectively express the uncoupling proteins (UCPs) that dissipate the mitochondrial transmembrane gradient to produce heat. In brief, the researchers found that fasting decreased the ability to subcutaneous fat to “brown” and produce heat, likely as an adaptive mechanism to conserve energy during a period of caloric deprivation.

Furthermore, fasting appears to preferentially burn visceral fat, the least healthy type of fat, which is great news!

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms11533

Additionally, burning calories generates heat, so if your metabolism slows down and your thyroid becomes sluggish, then that would mean that slowed-down cells burn less energy, so the body produces less heat overall

Dehydration Symptoms

Even for those who are experienced fasters, a lack of proper hydration (i.e. if you fast every day and only drink water with no electrolytes, and with not enough electrolyte replenishment during your fasting window) will result in side effects – and if you’re doing this all the time you will become severely mineral depleted

When we have lower insulin levels, our kidneys excrete more sodium, which can lead to a lower sodium/potassium ratio

https://www.amjmed.com/article/0002-9343(71)90152-5/pdf
https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/29/10/1341/2715729?redirectedFrom=fulltext
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6540047

Digestive Issues

This isn’t really a direct effect of fasting too much, but fasting does cause gut mucosal atrophy, or a breakdown of the mucus membrane (the absorptive and secretory layer of the GI tract) – so your GI Tract will be more sensitive upon breaking your fast

So when people consistently fast for more than 16 hours and then immediately consume massive meals they’re bombarding their gut with too much food at once – likely the reason why a lot of people report having diarrhea and general digestive discomfort after fasting

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10382787