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5 Major Causes of WOMEN’S Stomach Fat – Thomas DeLauer

1) Minerals and Thyroid Function

Iodine & Tyrosine

As mentioned, the function of the thyroid gland is to take iodine and convert it into thyroid hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

Thyroid cells are the only cells in the body which can absorb iodine – combine iodine and tyrosine to make T3 and T4

Zinc

The structure of thyroid hormone receptors contains zinc ions, crucial for the functional properties of the protein

Selenium

The enzyme that converts T4 (the inactive form of thyroid hormone) to T3 (the active form), is a selenium-dependent enzyme (Iodothyronine 5′ deiodinase), so without enough selenium your thyroid hormones are stuck in their inactive state

2) Low Fat/Calorie Diet

When you drop your calorie intake too low or place your body under stress in other ways, through injury or illness, less T4 is converted to T3

Instead, more is made into something called reverse T3

3) Eating too Low of Protein

Study – JAMA

The low-protein, high-fat group stored more than 90% of their extra calories as fat, and the lack of dietary protein caused their loss of lean body mass

They were actually mobilizing some of their body’s proteins – those who ate normal- or high-protein diets, by contrast, stored only 50% of their extra calories as fat

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/1103993

4) Vitamin D/Sunlight

Study – The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

https://academic.oup.com/ajcn/article/94/1/95/4597994

When you have enough D in your bloodstream, fat cells slow their efforts to make and store fat

But when your Vitamin D is low, levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) rise

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14592784

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4966724/

5) Stress/Lack of Sleep

A study published in The Journal of Brain & Behavior found that women are twice as likely to suffer from severe stress and anxiety as men

*This was put down to work relationships, and how they have a tougher time with social issues* There’s been a few surveys of this and it’s been associated with pay disparities

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/brb3.497

Lack of Sleep & Stress

Stress can cause the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to release hormones, such as adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones raise the heart rate to circulate blood to vital organs and muscles more efficiently, preparing the body to take immediate action if necessary.

For one, stress can increase glutamate activity in the prefrontal cortex, hindering sleep

Additional Resources

1) https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/106/33/14075.full.pdf
2) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9415946
3) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23182016
4)http://www.vivo.colostate.edu/hbooks/pathphys/endocrine/thyroid/physio.html
5) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8834378